华慧考博：阅读理解原文定位三技巧
华慧考博：阅读理解原文定位三技巧
原文定位指的是在解答每一道题之前，需要将题干中的中心信息或重要细节信息在原文中找到相应的位置。原文定位是一个最基本的技能，如果没有在原文中进行准确地定位并进行有效地对比分析，那么我们所选择的答案都不是以事实和原文为依据，而是我们的臆断。在阅读理解中，我们常用到的原文定位的方法有三种：（1）关键信息定位
关键信息定位就是在确定题干中的关键信息之后，回归到原文中找到该信息在原文中相应的位置，通常可以是直接在文章中找与题干中的关键信息相同的词语或表达。该方法主要运用于解答细节事实题、推理判断题和词义推测题。
例：
Para. 1: Bartenders are rarely shy about offering an opinion. But on a recent evening at the Finborough Wine Cafe, in between pours of Beaujolais the bartender Van Badham was memorably on point about the new play “Mirror Teeth” being performed in an upstairs room: A Christopher-Durang-meets-Caryl-Churchill satire about racism, sex and control in the British family.
Q: According to Paragraph 1, Van Badham was ______.
A. unusual about remarking on “Mirror Teeth”
B. lenient with the plays performed in her bar
C. fond of offering opinions like her workmates
D. in favour of the theme of the new play
该题题干关键信息为“Paragraph 1, Van Badham was”，根据该关键信息就可以直接定位到文章第一段中包含关键词Van Badham的句子（示例原文第1段中下划线句子）。由此可以得出答案为A。
（2）逻辑结构定位
根据文章逻辑结构定位的方法主要是运用于那些题干中的关键信息在原文中多处都有出现或无法根据题干中的关键信息到原文中找到出处的题目。运用该方法定位要求考生平常注意训练把握文章的逻辑结构的能力。该方法主要运用于解答细节事实题、主旨大意题和观点态度题。
例：
Pub theaters proliferated in the 1970s and 1980s with the increase in the theater companies of young artists and in-house playwrights wanting to do serious work on shoestring budgets in close proximity to audiences.
Q: Some theater companies preferred pub theaters because of their ______.
A. unfussy viewers B. moderate costs
C. great popularity D. casual performance
该题题干中的关键信息是“theater companies preferred pub theaters”，但文章中没有一模一样的关键信息出现，因此无法直接根据该信息快速在原文中找到出处。这时候可以选择根据文章逻辑结构定位。分析文章结构可知，文章中讲到“酒吧剧场受到到青睐”相关信息的部分为第五段。通过阅读该段（示例段落），可知答案为B。
（3）选项定位
根据选项定位的方法主要是运用于那些从题干中找不到关键信息的题目，通过分析四个选项，找出可用于定位的信息。该方法主要运用于解答推理判断题。
例：
Of all the forms of academic cheating, none may be as startling as educators tampering with children’s standardized tests. But investigations in many states this year have pointed to cheating by educators. Experts say the phenomenon is increasing as the stakes over standardized testing become higher—including, most recently, taking student progress on tests into consideration in teachers’ performance reviews.
Q. It is commonly believed that ______.
A. educators rarely get involved in academic cheating
B. children’s standardized tests have many drawbacks
C. teachers play a key role in their students’ cheating
D. school intervention helps reduce academic cheating
该题题干中无法找出可以用于定位的关键信息，这时可以选择通过选项定位。分析四个选项发现，A、C、D三个选项都是在讨论“academic cheating”，B选项是讨论的“children’s standardized tests”。根据选项中的这个两个关键信息可以将答案快速定位到原文第四段中的第一句话（（示例原文第4段中下划线句子）），由此得出答案为A。
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