医学统考阅读理解文章第一段你读懂了吗？
医学统考阅读理解文章第一段你读懂了吗？
我们通常要快速掌握文章大意，就需要重点朗读文章首段或者每段第一句话或者文章结尾。那么文章首段在文章中的功能有哪些呢？一般是点明文章主旨（中心作用）或者引出本文话题（铺垫作用），那么作者会用什么写作方式提出本文话题呢？下面华慧考博老师带大家来看医学统考的真题分析。第一类：开门见山类
①提出文章话题
Children are spending an increasing amount of time using computers. Computers are now found in most classrooms, and in the majority of homes, almost always with internet access.（先提出孩子使用电脑这一话题） However, many studies of children’s use of computers show that there are possible negative effects. This essay will explain the possible negative effects of computer use on children, focusing on the effects on family and peer relationships and the increased tendency towards violent behavior.（直接表明主旨：孩子电脑的负面影响。并且可以推出下文是分析对家人和同伴关系的影响和暴力倾向）
1. From the very beginning, the author is trying to draw out attention to .
A. crimes on rise at school
B. a decline in family value
C. the negative effects of children’s overuse of computer
D. the increasing number of investigations on education
②直接提出一项新发明Dry-cleaning machines that use liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent will go on sale in the US next year （thanks to chemists in North Carolina who have developed CO2-soluble detergents）开篇介绍的一个科技发明上的新消息：一款干洗机将于明年在美国上市） Dry-cleaners will lose their characteristic smell, and the new process will cut the amount of toxic waste produced in cleaning clothes.（拓展讲解这款新干洗机的优点：无味无毒）
76. The passage begins with_________.
A. a commercial advertisement
B. a horrible warning
C. sale promotion
D. good news
第二类：迂回曲折类-
①开头先铺垫，再与后文形成鲜明的对比
The American research university is a remarkable institution, long a source of admiration and wonder. The idyllic (田园诗的), wooded campuses, the diversity and energy of the student populations, and, most of all, the sheer volume of public and private resources available to them, have made them the envy of the world.（通过这些正面的形容词可以看出美国研究型大学是非常好的）
Seen from the inside, however, everything is not quite so rosy. Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools, which have separate healthcare and finance issues, the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent.第二段第一句话笔锋一转，从大学内部看，并不是那么光鲜，接着就在解释原因。
71. The passage begins with the presentation of the American research university______.
A. in a unique way
B. in a jealous tone
C. in the eyes of outsiders
D. out of personal admiration
【解析】：这道题很多人可能会选择B，因为看到第一段末尾有envy一词，但是从第二段看作者展示美国研究型大学并不是以一种嫉妒的语气，而是一种反衬，尤其是要关注第二段第一句话才能得出答案。
②先反驳目前流行的观点，再提出新观点
Why do people always want to get up and dance when they hear music? The usual explanation is that there is something embedded in every culture—that dancing is a "cultural universal". （开篇通过问句提出了一个普遍的现象“人们听到音乐就想起来跳舞”并给出了普遍的解释：跳舞是一种文化普遍性）A researcher in Manchester thinks the impulse may be more deeply rooted than that. He says it may be a reflex reaction（提出新的研究对此现象有不同的解释，也就是对普遍的解释提出了质疑）.
61. The passage begins with__________.
A. a new explanation of music
B. a cultural universal questioned
C. a common psychological abnormality
D. a deep insight into human physical movements
③先描述一种现象，再探讨现象背后的原因。
Everyone has seen it happen. A colleague who has been excited, involved, and productive slowly begins to pull back, lose energy and interest, and becomes a shadow or his or her former self. Or, a person who has been a beacon of vision and idealism retreats into despair or cynicism. What happened?（描述一种现象：人从精力充沛到无精打采） How does someone who is capable and committed become a person who functions minimally and does not seem to care for the job or the people that work there?（探讨这一现象的原因）
86. The passage begins with________.
A. a personal transition
B. a contrast between two types of people
C. a shift from conformity to individuality
D. a mysterious physical and mental state
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