2023华慧考博英语：8分钟搞定阅读排序
2023华慧考博英语：8分钟搞定阅读排序
在常规阅读部分，我们不断听老师强调“详略得当”地读文章找线索。“详”即论点，需重点理解；“略”即论据，如非细节事实题定位处，可跳读。大家也逐渐总结出一套归纳论点、判断论据的技巧，阅读长句的速度加快，逻辑关系判断也日渐熟练。针对部分院校题型，对阅读能力会有更高要求，也就是所谓的非常规阅读，例如中科院的阅读六选五以及上海交大21年新考纲中的阅读排序（Sequencing）。首先，这些院校选材篇幅较长，也就意味着对考生的阅读速度有更高要求。其次，对于大部分备考时间仅4个月的考生而言，基本基础词汇和语法恢复就需要1个月，要在剩下3个月里准备这么多专项复习，即便我们阅读速度达到了每分钟100词以上，正确率能保证吗？所以，华慧考博老师想大家需要的是能迅速拿分的技巧。
话不多说，直接上干货。
今天华慧考博老师主要讲的是阅读排序题型。解这类题，需要明确顺序由什么因素决定。从大框架来说，它体现了文章的篇章结构，一般出题人选材都是说明文或议论文，所以其主题通常为问题、现象或观点。如果将一篇文章分为三部分，那么主题可以作为整篇文章的主体，围绕它可以从原因、作用或影响、措施等维度展开，剩下的第一部分为导入，即主题背景，通常可分为“今昔对比”与“标新立异”两类，实际文本中可演变为过去与最新研究的对比或者普遍情况与特殊个例之间的对比。
最后的第三部分为结尾，主要分为“首尾呼应”与“题拓展延伸”两类。从小框架来说，排序就意味着前后句子得连接上，那么这时候常规阅读部分积累的文本衔接手段就能派上用场了，也就是我们所说的抓线索词。这类线索通常分为三个方面：指代关系，常见的有this（these）、that（those）、常忽略的有the与such；逻辑关系，分为显性与隐性逻辑，常见的逻辑关系有因果、比较与转折，隐性因果关系可见含“导致”或“促进”意味的词，隐性比较关系可见词的比较级或最高级，隐性转折关系可见in fact、actually等词；结构关系，如复数——单数、one——the other/another。
清楚了这些，我们一起看到上海交大样题中的排序题。
Bed Confessions
BED. It’s something shared by men and women in more ways than one. BED, or Binge Eating Disorder, has become an emotional and health concern for men across the United States. This eating disorder, which affects more than 1 million men in America, has only recently been recognized by the American Psychiatric Association as a disorder of its own, that needs further study.
Ninety-five percent of the U.S. population has cravings for “pleasure” or “comfort” foods. The other five percent crave alcohol, cigarettes, or some other addictive substance. Having cravings, and fulfilling them, is a natural human instinct.
【出题人非常友好地给出了标题，并在第一段中给出了BED一词的定义。第二段前两句为数字举例，从而说明Having cravings, and fulfilling them, is a natural human instinct，natural“自然的”便体现在数字上的大多数。鉴于下一段为空缺段，所以该段末句需重点读，这里的cravings与“pleasure” or “comfort” foods相关。】
(47) _____________________________________________________________
A typical binge may include eating anywhere from 1000 to 15000 calories at a time. In fact, it is not uncommon to actually have a “food hangover” the day following an especially large binge. The foods consumed are usually high in fat and are eaten in a relatively short period of time, putting an enormous amount of stress on the digestive and endocrine（内分泌的）systems. BED is different from the two other characteristic eating disorders, anorexia and bulimia. Anorexia is a condition of slow, self starvation; bulimia is a binging and vomiting syndrome.
【a开头的A typical binge为新信息，binge一词从第一句来看与暴食有关，故要么前段最后出现了该词的同义替换，要么为复数词（从总分结构考量）。下段又为空缺段，而该段最后一句为分述，故直接看到倒数第二句“BED is different from the two other characteristic eating disorders”，既然该段末尾介绍了其余两种的特征（of slow, self starvation作后置定语作修饰成分；syndrome为特征词），那么大胆猜测接下来要介绍BED的特征。】
(48) _____________________________________________________________
BED is a unique eating disorder, especially when it comes to men. While only 5% to 10% of people with anorexia and bulimia nervosa are male, it is estimated that BED affects a much greater proportion of men. According to Dr. Anne Becker of the Harvard Eating Disorders Center, “The ratio of females to males with this disorder is about 1.5 to 1.0 or about 40% men.” Dr. Becker adds, “Binge eating disorder has become more recognizable by doctors as more attention is given to weight control in the clinical setting.”
【首句“BED is a unique eating disorder”中unique延续了“差异”这一话题，更加佐证了之前的预判，并由典型性过渡至“男性men”（especially when it comes to men）。本段末句为引用他人言论的举例部分，所以接下来话题还是会跟着“男性BED”。】
(49) ____________________________________________________________
(50) ____________________________________________________________
Unlike bulimia, where people eat and then purge, there is no counteraction to bingeing. Therefore, weight gain is a likely effect. As noted above, men with BED are often overweight to begin with. The effects of BED on health include all the possible consequences of overweight or obesity—diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.
【虽然首句有比较关系，但where从句对其有解释，故应不涉及上文。重点看向本段末句“The effects of BED on health include all the possible consequences”，注意这里是复数词consequences，那么很有可能下文会出现单数词或者比较关系。】
(51) ____________________________________________________________
(52) ____________________________________________________________
Treatment with medications such as antidepressants may be helpful for some individuals. Self-help groups also may be a source of support. Researchers are still trying to determine which method or combination of methods is the most effective in controlling binge eating disorder. The type of treatment that is best for an individual is a matter for discussion between the patient and his or her health care provider. Some organizations do provide professional and confidential treatment and information, such as the National Eating Disorders Organization, Overeaters Anonymous, and Males and Eating Disorders, etc..
【作为文章的最后一个段落，首句中treatment与前面的consequences符合“分析后果——谈措施”逻辑，那么这其中肯定会有过渡。】
以上就是原文分析部分，大约耗时5分钟，接下来一起来分析选项。
A There are some common characteristics of men who have BED. Most are overweight, with a history of depression, low assertiveness, and poor self-esteem. Similar to all people with eating disorders, men with BED view themselves in a negative light and allow food to control their lives in order to compensate for their lack of control in other areas such as work or family matters.
【主要描述患BED的男性特征，首句为总起句，第二句出现了most，意味着下文有“小部分其他特征”。】
B BED is formally characterized by the American Psychiatric Association in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) according to the following five criteria:
1) Recurring binge eating (暴食) episodes. An episode of binge eating is characterized by both of the following:
• eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat in a similar amount of time under similar circumstances;
• a sense of lack of control over eating during the episode.
2) The binge eating episodes are associated with the following:
• eating much more rapidly than you usually would
• eating until you feel uncomfortably full
• eating large amounts of food when you don’t physically feel hungry
• eating alone because of embarrassment at how much you are eating
• feeling disgusted with yourself, depressed, or very guilty after overeating
3) Binge eating causes emotional and physical stress or remorse.
4) The binge eating occurs, on average, at least two days a week for six months or more.
5) The binge eating is not followed by other inappropriate behaviors such as purging, fasting, excessive exercises and does not occur exclusively during episodes of other eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (神经性厌食症）or bulimia nervosa（神经性贪食症）.
【主要描述BED的症状特征，注意细节描述中出现了binge一词，结合原文分析，基本可以确定在（48）处。】
C An ever more serious consequence is death. According to Dr. Ken Stephenson, a psychotherapist who specializes in treating males with eating disorders, “People with eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric patients.” Isn’t that a good enough reason to seek help now?
【注意more serious consequence，且段末问句过渡至seek help，也就是“措施”的同义替换。】
D Another common characteristic of men with BED is that they fail to address their own personal needs, and instead, turn to food. For these men, food can be a great sedative（镇静剂） and a means of suppressing feelings of anger, guilt, despondency, and sadness. Men with eating disorders tend to eat in private, not wanting to alert others to their habit. This increases the feelings of isolation and sadness, and creates another vicious cycle.
【根据“Another common characteristic of men with BED”，基本可以确定A、D为前后两段，分别对应（49）与（50）。】
E Men with symptoms of BED need to seek treatment as soon as possible. The longer a person waits, the greater the risk to their health. Treatment of the disorder generally includes cognitive-behavioral or interpersonal therapy performed by a licensed clinician. Cognitive-behavioral therapy teaches patients techniques to monitor and change their eating habits as well as to change the way they respond to difficult situations. Interpersonal psychotherapy helps people examine their relationships with friends and family and make changes in problem areas.
【首句表明观点“Men with symptoms of BED need to seek treatment as soon as possible患有BED症状的男性应尽快寻求治疗”，接着“Treatment of the disorder generally includes cognitive-behavioral or interpersonal therapy”引出两类治疗手段，末尾interpersonal psychotherapy对应的是relationships with friends and family。再结合原文末段分析，基本可以确定E在（52）处，那么C在（51）处。】
F But BED is more than an occasional craving for a sweet snack. At first, eating may satisfy cravings. But eventually the eating becomes more and more frequent, and higher in calories and fat. This overeating leads to feelings of self-disgust and guilt, which may cause a person to eat even more.
【根据比较级“more than an occasional craving”，结合原文分析，基本可以确定F项在（47）处。】
整个选项分析+确定答案3分钟，大家学会了吗？技巧还需多做题巩固熟练哦~
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