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华慧考博-如何快速读懂英文文章的大意和写作思路?

华慧考博-如何快速读懂英文文章的大意和写作思路?

我们常说的“得阅读者得天下”。而我要进一步说“得文章中心者,得阅读速度”。考试中一般一篇阅读文章的做题时间是10-12分钟,因此在有限的时间内,答对题是关键。那么如何能快速了解一篇文章主旨大意呢? 这要先了解英文文章的写作特点。英语文章最大的特点是重点先说,次要信息紧随其后。遵循G(General information)到S(specific details)的规律。

这就说明,文章的段首句一般为段落主题句,能够概括整段的意思。而这段剩下的句子则为细节支撑句,来对主题句进行解释,拓展和支撑,我们不需要细读这些细节支撑句,但是要梳理这些支撑句是如何论证段落主题句的,只需梳理这些句子之间的逻辑关系。

下面华慧考博老师就带大家来看一个例子:

There is currently abroad a new wave of appreciation for breadth of knowledge.(段落主题句---引入一种社会现象:目前在国外存在一种欣赏知识宽度的浪潮) Curricula at universities and colleges and programs in federal agencies extol the virtues of a broad education.(事实细节1--举例)For scientists who work in specialized jobs, it is a pleasure to escape in our spare time to read broadly in fields distant from our own.(事实细节2--举例) Some of us have made interdisciplinary study our occupation, (事实细节3--举例)which is no surprise, because much of the intellectual action in our society today lies at the interfaces between traditional disciplines(进一步解释跨学科研究的原因). Environmental science is a good example, because it frequently requires us to be conversant in several different sciences and even some unscientific fields.(进一步针对事实细节3举例----举例说明需要跨学科学习的学科例子并解释原因)

梳理写作思路后,可知这一段的结构为总分:

G:There is a new wave. (引入现象) 

S1:a broad education 

S2:scientists—read broadly 

S3: interdisciplinary study (S3-1: 解释原因)(S3-2:举跨学科科目例子Environmental science )

从上述例子可以看出,我们只需要掌握段落主题句的意思,并且了解后续拓展的句子是通过举例来论证主题句,主要举了三个例子,第三个例子解释了原因并举例,针对例子解释原因。其大意都是围绕着第一句话展开论述的。只需要梳理句子的逻辑关系,并不需要仔细翻译每句话,抓住了核心意思和逻辑关系,就能速度文章。

我们再看针对这一段的阅读理解试题:

81. From a broad education to interdisciplinary study, we can see_________.

A. the integration of theory with practice

B. the enthusiasm for breadth of knowledge

C. the rapid division of traditional disciplines

D. the contradiction between specialists and generalists

现在我们可以看出,题干是在问:从第一个例子到第三个例子可以明白什么?例子是支撑前面的主题句的,所以正确选项B就是和第一句话主题句进行的同义替换。这道题实质是考查这段文章的写作思路有没有看清楚。相当于我们只要看明白第一句主题句以及后面支撑主题句的细节句之间的逻辑关系,就可以很快得出正确答案。

当然,文章的第一段首句也存在不是主题句的情况,因为作者需要先引入本文的话题,再提出观点。下面我们来看文章首段的例子。

Publishing in scientific journals is the most common and powerful means to disseminate new research findings. Visibility and credibility in the scientific world require publishing in journals that are included in global indexing databases such as those of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). (事实背景引入话题:文章要在全球索引数据库期刊里发表)Most scientists in developing countries remain at the periphery of this critical communication process(引入现象:发展中国家科学家出版处在这一情况的边缘地带), exacerbating the low international recognition and impact of their accomplishments(阐释这一现状的后果). For science to become maximally influential and productive across the globe, this needs to change.(作者表达自己的观点:这一状况需要改变)

90. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. Science without Boundaries

B. How to Keep Science Moving

C. Globalizing Science Publishing

D. Globalization and Nationalization

由以上分析可知,如果我们抓住了文章探讨的主题词是publishing,再结合最后一句话作者的观点,那么就能很快选出标题C:全球化科学出版。

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