华慧考博：考博英语听力解题方法——听力短文题
华慧考博：考博英语听力解题方法——听力短文题
【试题】
1. A. Robots will take over the world. B. Robots will render them jobless.
C. Robots can be overused in homes. D. Robots can be controlling their lives.
2. A. It is well developed for home use.
B. It still has technical obstacles to overcome.
C. It can work in dangerous places or situations.
D. It has the potential to be built with a laser device.
3. A. because of rising cost of labor.
B. because of increasing amount of wealth.
C. because of growing number of aged people.
D. because of pressing needs for modernization.
4. A. Enthusiastic. B. Indifferent.
C. Doubtful. D. Resentful.
5. A. People’s affordability. B. People’s acceptance.
C. Technical advances. D. Market promotion.
【选项分析】
1. 第一题各选项都有“robot”，初步判断此短文与机器人相关，而且对比四个选项的不同之处，尤其是它们的动宾结构，即“take over the world（统治世界），render them jobless（造成人们失业），be overused in homes（在家庭中被过度使用），be controlling their lives（控制人们的生活）”，由此可预测，此题考查主要内容或机器人对人类的影响，属于概括题。第二题各选项都有指示代词“it”，应该与“robot”密切相关，而且四个选项涉及“适合家庭、仍有技术障碍、可以在危险的情况下工作、可能用激光设备制造”，由此可预测，此题考查“它”的特征，这必须听到提问中“it”的指代对象。针对这类细节题，要圈出关键词或短语，如“home use、technical obstacles、dangerous places”，这样，在听音频时能够增加对问题的敏感度，从而更容易听到题点。第三题都是“because of…”，由此判断此题考查原因，内容涉及“增加的劳动力成本、增加的财富、越来越多的老年人、现代化的迫切需求”，因此，在听音频过程中，要注意与选项相似的内容，以及注意提问对象是谁。第四题都是形容词，即“热情的、冷漠的、怀疑的、气愤的”，考查某人对某物的态度。第五题都是名词性结构，四者关联性不强，则关注选项的实词信息，即“人们的负担能力、人们的接受能力、技术进步、市场推广”，并且在听力过程中，要着重听提问的内容，并根据“题文同序原则”注意短文末尾的内容。因此，综合推测短文可能与机器人的发展、作用和影响有关。
2. 通过对各小题的初步判断，可以大概预测短文的发展：介绍机器人的普遍影响（Q1）→介绍与机器人相关的某物的特征（Q2）→分析某一原因（Q3）→表达某人对某物的态度（Q4）→总结或推测机器人技术发展方向、与人或市场的关系（Q5）。
3. 针对此短文题目，一是，认真听提问对象，即针对谁提出的问题，尤其是动作主体不明确的题目。二是，重点听音频与选项匹配度高的内容，同时注意选项与对应原文的区别之处。三是，注意结尾段的信息，推断出与第五题信息相吻合的内容。
【听力原文】
Robots have been in the news a lot lately. And a recent poll found that 1/3 of the UK public is concerned that robots take over their jobs. But what about robots in the home? One of the most popular robots for the home is a robot vacuum cleaner, which can also massively clean your home with very little human input. Anita robotics is a company started by a group of robotics engineers from Stanford University. They wanted to use robots to perform human chores at an affordable price. The technology they developed for their vacuum cleaners uses a laser-guide system to map out the home in 360 degrees. This enables the machine to avoid obstacles and dangers like stairs. A lot of southern European countries are embracing this category and also in Scandinavia.
The Scandinavian market has been very interesting. They’ve done a lot of research in trying to modernize their world, where they have a growing aging population. And they are looking to deploy robotic vacuum cleaners in old people’s homes to actually do the cleaning. And now, almost 30% of the users are over 55 years of age. It’s a very broad spectrum of people. In the UK, there has been a relatively slow adoption of robots in the home. I think maybe as a culture, we’re a bit more skeptical on how good can this robot really perform and take the place of doing my vacuuming? I believe this will take a while before robots are able to do everything for us, at least in the UK. It also depends on people’s willingness to allow these machines into our daily lives.
Questions:
1. What was the concern in the recent poll?
2. What can we learn about the little robot vacuum cleaner?
3. What is the major reason behind the popularity of the cleaner in the Scandinavian market?
4. How do people in the UK react to the robot vacuum cleaner?
5. What is important to the wide use of robots in the future?
【答案解析】
1. B
文章开头部分提到机器人“take over their jobs接替他们的工作”，与选项B同义，于是，需要再通过提问来确定它是否为答案。提问“What was the concern in the recent poll?”，关键词是“concern”和“recent poll”，对应的文中信息是“And a recent poll found that 1/3 of the UK public is concerned that robots take over their jobs.”由此可知，B项“Robots will render them jobless. 机器人会使他们失业”属于同义替换，是正确答案。A项将宾语换成“the world”造成干扰。
2. A
文章说到“But what about robots in the home? 但是家里的机器人呢？One of the most popular robots for the home is a robot vacuum cleaner. 最受欢迎的家用机器人之一是机器人真空吸尘器。”根据语境逻辑可知，选项中的“it”应该就是“robot vacuum cleaner”，因此，需要重点听与“真空吸尘器”相关且与选项信息匹配的内容，即“They wanted to use robots to perform human chores at an affordable price. The technology they developed for their vacuum cleaners uses a laser-guide system to map out the home in 360 degrees. This enables the machine to avoid obstacles and dangers like stairs.”提问“What can we learn about the little robot vacuum cleaner?”因此，答题关键在于甄别各选项与原文的区别，并予以排除。“They wanted to use robots to perform human chores at an affordable price. 他们想让机器人以合理的价格来完成人类的家务。”是可以符合“它很适合家庭使用”这一信息的。B项有“obstacle”一词在文中出现，但是句意与之完全不同，故排除。C项是指“它可以在危险的地方或情况下工作”，与原文“这使机器能够避开障碍物和危险，如楼梯”不符。文中文章提及“该技术使用激光导航系统，以360度绘制家庭地图”，而D项“可用激光设备制造（真空吸尘器）”，与原文不符。综合而知，只有A项最匹配原文。
3. C
提问关键信息是“major reason、popularity和 Scandinavian market”，则对应文中“The Scandinavian market has been very interesting. 斯堪的纳维亚市场一直对机器人真空吸尘器非常感兴趣。They’ve done a lot of research in trying to modernize their world, where they have a growing aging population. 他们在使他们的社会现代化方面做了很多研究，在这里老龄化人口较多。And they are looking to deploy robotic vacuum cleaners in old people’s homes to actually do the cleaning. 他们正在考虑在老年人家里安装机器人真空吸尘器来做清洁工作。” 由此可推知，真空吸尘器在斯堪的纳维亚流行的主要原因是老龄人口较多，则C项正确。虽然文章内容较多，但是，我们可以重点听与选项匹配度高的信息，此题也是视听一致。
4. C
提问“How do people in the UK react to the robot vacuum cleaner?”即询问“英国人对真空吸尘器的看法”，由此对应文中信息“In the UK, there has been a relatively slow adoption of robots in the home. I think maybe as a culture, we’re a bit more skeptical on how good can this robot really perform…在英国，家庭对于机器人的接受度还是相对较慢的。我想可能是因为文化的原因，我们（英国人）对这种机器人到底能有多好持怀疑态度……”其中，关键的态度词是“skeptical”，则对应C项“doubtful怀疑的”。
5. B
提问“What is important to the wide use of robots in the future?”即询问“什么东西对未来机器人的广泛应用很重要”。文中提及英国家庭较少采用真空吸尘器，以及英国人对它的怀疑态度，由此推知，真空吸尘器在英国没有广泛被使用。最后，文章给出机器人在未来使用的决定因素是“It also depends on people’s willingness to allow these machines into our daily lives. 这取决于人们是否愿意让这些机器人进入我们的日常生活。”由此可知，B项“人们的接受能力/接纳性”与之对应，是正确答案。
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